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Like many other drugs, marijuana contains substances that resemble our natural neurotransmitters. In this case it is tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, which has the same effect on our brain as anandamide: in the short term, feeling of well-being and amplification of pleasant sensations, elevation of the pain threshold, and also some interference with the formation of Memories and with motor functions.
But marijuana also contains another substance called canabidiol or CBD, which when it reaches the brain increases the levels of another endogenous neurotransmitter called 2-AG, which deals with the regulation of appetite (hence the hunger that the pores give), and much more important, the immune system and pain regulation. THC is psychotropic, and it is the part of cannabis that gives you the "recreational" effects. CBD does not produce these effects, but it does affect brain functions and overall health, in many cases beneficially.
So we find a plant that contains active ingredients that turn on and off chemical switches in the brain mimicking our own neurotransmitters. The bad news is that this plant is illegal. The good news is that the time when its use is normalized for the treatment of many diseases is getting closer.
Relieves anxiety or not
The use of marijuana in moderation induces feelings of relaxation, but from a certain dose, instead of reducing anxiety, it produces it. It is the sad experience of who has eaten that cannabis cupcake and has felt great at first, but as the digestion continued and blood THC levels increased, they found themselves living a nightmare of nerves and cramps (the author of this article knows it because a friend told it to him). The perfect dose for relaxing effects depends on people and their tolerance to the drug, and varies between 7.5 and 12.5 milligrams of THC.
Chronic pain treatment
After reviewing many studies, the report of the National Academy of Science in the US concluded that the treatment of chronic pain was the main use of cannabis, and the reason why many people used it as a medical indication. These effects depend on both THC and CBD. It is also effective against muscle spasms, for example of the diaphragm, that do not respond to other medications.
Possible treatment of glaucoma
Glaucoma is a disease in which the pressure inside the eye increases, damaging the optic nerve and at risk of vision loss. Since the 70s there are studies that prove that the use of marijuana relieves intraocular pressure for several hours, and can be used for short-term treatment of glaucoma. The treatment has the side effects of using marijuana, and it is not better or worse than other medications on the market, so a more durable and less invasive treatment is being developed from the plant.
The medicinal power of marijuana
It does not affect lung capacity in moderate amounts
It is well known that smoking tobacco always reduces lung capacity, but it seems that marijuana does not, unless it is mixed with tobacco, of course. A study by the University of Los Angeles found that at low levels of consumption, marijuana seemed to increase lung capacity. Of course, when smoking similar amounts, it decreased.
Treatment for epilepsy
Canabidiol or CBD, the non-psychotropic component of marijuana, can help control epileptic seizures in children and adolescents, according to a study published by The Lancet. This also coincides with observations of patients using cannabis on their own to improve symptoms, and with fewer side effects.
It can slow the development of cancer and relieve the effects of chemotherapy
The same CBD component can slow the development of breast cancer according to the San Francisco University study. Other studies with mice have shown that THC also slows the growth of tumors, and a more recent one, combining CBD and THC, found that adding radiation therapy achieved a more effective treatment to stop the development of glioma, the most common brain tumor . However, these results have not yet been replicated in humans.
Cancer patients treated with chemotherapy experience nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Several studies have proven that smoking marijuana or using THC-based drugs can relieve these symptoms.
Treatment for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis
Cannabis, and more specifically smoking marijuana, has beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases. THC slows the development of amyloid plaques that form in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, and therefore curb the disease. The mixture of CBD and THC can also help conserve memory and dronabinol, another cannabinoid, can lessen the behavioral disorders of Alzheimer's patients. Multiple sclerosis patients who smoked marijuana also saw how their muscle spasms and pain were reduced, and in the case of Parkinson's, it also served to reduce tremor and pain in a study at Tel Aviv University.
Treatment of posttraumatic stress and schizophrenia
In the US, posttraumatic stress syndrome is the most used reason to prescribe marijuana to patients. The study with veterans indicates that it reduces feelings of fear and anxiety. Marijuana also reduces nightmares in these patients as it disrupts the sleep cycles where they occur. Other studies indicate that CBD relieves attacks from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Where are the risks?
Like any substance, including water and common salt, cannabis has risks, but they may not be what you think. Marijuana appears to negatively affect concentration and memory, but studies have found that these effects are not permanent and disappear when you stop taking it. However, the effects can be long lasting if you start using marijuana in adolescence. In one study it was found that the cognitive abilities of the subjects who had started smoking younger had been affected, but not so for those who started smoking as adults. This is not necessarily because of the drug, but because of the associated environmental factors.
